Producing permanent, insoluble, incombustible, and washable coatings.



- UNITED srrA'rEs PATENT oFFroE.

' Anrnnon semi, or MEXICO, MEXICO.

No Drawing.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 12, ioio.

Application filed February 12, 1907. Serial No. 357,011

To all whom it. mag concern:

. Be it known that I, ANTENOR SALA, a citizen of the RepublicofMexico, residing at the city of Mexico, Republic of Me'xico, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Producing Permanent,In- 'soluble, Incombustible,"and Washable (loatings,'of which the following is a specification. I V s. The objectof this'invention is to provide a coating iforsurfaces, that will adhere permanently; befinsoluble, incombustible, and washable, that;'will' also be a non-conductor of heat and electricity and be unaffected by changes and differences in climate, temperature, or of the weather; The object of the invention is also to provide a method of producing said coating in sitar. g a

r A coating having the above 'mentioned characteristics is of the utmost value, and especially where it is subjected to the action of heat, and intropical climates.

In the practice of this invention, I apply in acertain improved manner, hereinafter described, two or more coats, by the latter-of which the soluble constituents of the first coat or coats are fixed or rendered insoluble.

If the finished surface is to be white, and if it be not necessary that the surface be well covered, I -may use for the first coat or coats a-solution, of a silicate of an alkali metal-'-preferably a silicate of potash. I furnish it generally containing equal parts of water and commercial silicate of potash of 3640 B. If a white paint with more body be desired a neutral insoluble filler is to be added. Ifthe surfaces areto be well J covered and white or. some other desired 1 purity a suitable amount of neutral insoluble fillers and pigments, or both, and adding thereto a: quantity of a soluble silicate, preferably a silicate of potash, and stirring the mixture until this latter is thoroughly dlssolved, ;and the mixture is homogeneous.

.Th'e'fillers and pigments,- selected according to the use and color of the paint, should be 7 preferably mineral, and of sucha nature that they will not cause the formation of insoluble silicate or'silica. They should also be carefully frced'of all dirt and gr1t. The silicate preferably used in the liquid or silicate of potash of.36 to .40? Baum and preferably that which has 'been refined. For one of my white paints I may use the following proportions:

Calcium carbonate or "iivhitingflr Q5 parts Silicate of potash, 36-40? B 350 -Water 225 I do not-confine myselfto'these proportions, however, and finditlnecessary to vary the composition of-the mixture according to the color and conditionsof the work. The mixing and solution are best made in quantities in the factory, butI'may provide the pigments, fillers, and silicates mixed tog'ether in proper proportionsfor the color paint, or the commercial otassium silicate for the liquid, to which he watermay'be added by the user. before application.

The solution which I .use to fix and render the above mentioned coating insoluble consists of a soluble salt which by reacting upon the properly applied and properly set coat or coats, will produce an insoluble silicate having suitable properties. I find a solution ofmagnesium sulfate or chlorid to be best for this purpose, but do not' restrict myself to these compounds. I prov de preferably a solution of magnesium sulfate-containing usually 2 parts of crystallized commercial magnesium sulfate dissolved in 16 parts ofwater; I may provide the dry salt,

however, which is to be dissolved by the user.

Before painting. walls, roofs or other surfaces with thefirst coating, they should, of

course, be properly prepared by'the removab of all old paint, varnish,- resins, oil, rust, etc. The material or surface to be paintedor coated should-,1 of course, be dry and lif wood, j should" be well-seasoned. packages of liquid and'color paint for the first coating andthe material for the fixin coating keep indefinitely in any climate, an

when opened, the only alteration which can above enumerated, it is necessary that the application of these solutions be made propcolorpaint is the semi-solid commercial] erly, and certain steps in the mode of appli- The sealed i cation of paint are important in car ing In the first place,

out my improved metho all walls or surfaces or plaster, mortar, brick or stone should be suitably cleaned, for example, with one or more coats of a solution of 2% parts of'soap in 37 parts of boiling water. This is preferable where it is desired to secure a uniform coating of paint which will be free from spots, because walls or surfaces of this description are rarely, if ever, of uniform orosity. Cloth surfaces,

fabrics, etc., shou d first be sized with a coat of one of my colorless orwhite paints; the first coat of color paint to be applied when this sizing coat is dry.

The surfaces having been prepared, as above described, the well mixed paints either white, colored, or colorless are applied with a clean, soft brush in a uniform coat or coats. Frequently more than one are preferable. Each successive coat should be applied soon after the previous one is set, and the extentof surface covered must be so selected that the various coats of paint, and the fixing material may be applied during the same day. On galvanized iron, 11011 roofs, etc., it is preferable to apply three coats of my color paint, the first coat lengthwise, the second crosswise and the third lengthwise.

The fixing coat should be applied rapidly with a clean brush five to ten minutes after the'last coat of my paint has so set that on sweeping the hand or a dry brush lightly over the surface nothing adheres to it. The entire coat or covering has then set as I term it the outer surface forming a film nearly dry, and the rest of the covering be- 1-1 ng .damp and soft. It is important apply the fixin coat at this time, and m'tlns ""fmanner, for i the fixing coat is applled h while the first coat is wet, or before it has I the first" coat becomes. dry

. "set,. the application of the second coat with a brush, or in any way that will rub ,the first coat, will destroy the continuity of v the-soluble silicate forming said coat, and if the-second coat is not applied until after the second coat cannot properly etrate the first coat nor react with. the w ole of the same, and the solution of the second coat will very quickly evaporate, leaving practically all the fixin salt on the surface of the first coat, an

would be very rapidly washed off by a light rain orotherwise. Since the second or xing coat cannot penetrate through the whole of the insoluble silicate coat if it is allowed to become thoroughly dry, it is of the utmost importance that the fixing coat be applied while the soluble silicates are still in solution. The only part of the insoluble silicates which is allowed to dry is the surface thereof, and this somewhat elatinous surface or film should only be allowed to set or become dry enough so that the light applicatrate through cracks,

tion of the hand or brush will notdestroy and entirely act upon the whole of them.

And. if the fixing solution does not react with the wholelayerof soluble silicates, rain water or other dampness will readily peneetc., in the coatings, and dissolve these soluble silicates and cause the paint to peel off. The coatings of soluble silicates usually become sufliciently set in from five to ten minutes after application, but if left for an hour or two they will, in general, become so thoroughly dry that the act upon thev fixing coat will not ro erl react through V the whole la er of so ub e si icates. By applying the xing material quickly, the soluble matter is rendered insoluble, even intothe pores of the wood' or thedepressions of whatever surface to which th coatings may be applied.

' The insoluble silicates formed by my improved method possess the proper hysical qualities and degree of hydration which enable them to harden and bind the fillers, pigments, etc., firmly together and to the surface, and produce a permanent and uniform coating of superior adhering qualities and of a fine appearance.

It has been proven that my improved material when applied as a coat' in the manner above described endures in efinitely under all weather conditions. It resists'scaling oil, and as a consequence of its permanency, it efi'ects great economy not only in the initial cost of the material, but also "by obviatin frequent renewals, as-is necessary withv oifpaints. The coatin may be washed and disinfected, and is use therefore, with advantage in tenement houses and dwellings, kitchens, toilet rooms, stables, etc. It is a very poor conductor of heat and is, of course, incombustible. spread of conflagration, as no combustible It hinders, therefore, the,

material can igmte so long as it is covered by said coating.

Coatings made 'in this manner have withstood the. action of the tropical sun and I weather for a long time. Structures thus covered, and especially when the coating is white are cooler than any. other, because of the great reflecting power and poor heat conductivity of the insoluble silicate formed by my improved method.-

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

A method of producing upon a surface, a permanent, incombustible and washable covering, consisting in first applying to the surface a coating of a solution of silicate of In testin o'ny where- 51 have signcl my potash and then, bo t fi r t in t name to th s spec1f icat1on,in the presence of after this application and when the same has WO u scflblng wltnesses.

filmed and become partially dry, applying ANTENOR' SALA. 5 a solution of a magnesium salt for combin- Witnesses: ing with the whole of the soluble silicate to C. J THA'rcHEn,

fbrm an insoluble silicate. H. J. TEUFER. 

